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It is known that oral estrogen intake during menopause increases the risk of incident venous thromboembolism (VTE), and data from a few studies suggest that administration of transdermal hormone reduces this risk. To assess this difference in the clinical setting, a retrospective study was carried [...]
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In postmenopausal women the presence of an overactive bladder (defined as urinary urgency and frequency with or without urge incontinence) has a 40% prevalence. To address this issue, different therapies are proposed: behavior modification, pelvic floor physiotherapy exercises, electrostimulation, [...]
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There are very few data concerning the influence of oral anticoagulant treatment (OAT) on menstruation, and not much is known on the teratogenic effect of anticoagulation drugs (warfarin is detrimental to the fetus) and thus on the need for methods of contraception during the treatment with these [...]
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Statistics show that around 3% of pregnant women make use of proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) before or during pregnancy. Although a few small studies confirm the safety of these drugs in pregnancy (in particular, a meta-analysis published by the American Journal of Gastroenterology in 2009 excluded [...]
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A question women often ask is how long will their menopausal hot flashes last. The answer is that the duration generally varies between 6 months and over 5 years, with cases of women reporting hot flashes even 10 years after the final menstrual cycle. To better understand the natural course of this [...]
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The rate of dead-born fetuses in industrialized countries is about 1:200 pregnancies reaching at least 22 weeks. In order to examine the risk factors for this disease, a meta-analysis has been performed on studies where researchers had considered at least one risk factor in those pregnancies ended [...]
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Normally, to control too abundant menstruations, oral contraceptives are prescribed, even if the evidence on efficacy is poor. With a randomized and double-blinded study sponsored by pharmaceutical industry, the efficacy of a new contraceptive pill, based on estradiol valerate and dienogest, has [...]
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In the WHI (Women's Health Initiative) Study, 11,000 postmenopausal women undergoing hysterectomy have been treated with conjugated equine estrogens or with placebo for averagely 5.9 years; the study has been interrupted after averagely 7.1 years when it was seen that the group treated with [...]
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After the WHI study, researchers are more and more searching non-hormonal methods capable to control menopausal symptoms, even if the obtained results are poor and the substitutive hormone therapy remains, for the present, the only effective approach. In this study, 205 women in perimenopause and [...]
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Previous studies have marked the relationship existing between the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and the increased risk for depressive disorders; according to these marks, one has wondered whether a screening for depression is available for all the patients affected by PCOS. A meta-analysis has [...]